The Horror Genre In The New Millennium - Free Essay Example

1. What is your topic? Question? Sub-questions? (Not too many!) Hypothesis? 2. What specific issues associated with your topic do you want to investigate (making sure they are capable of being investigated within the constraints of the MA calendar)? 3. What sorts of data will you need to adequately address each of these issues? Why will this data help you in particular? 4. From what sources (places, human subjects, texts, cultural phenomena?) will you obtain this data? 5. How will you obtain the data? (Documentary search? Interviewing? Questionnaire? Observation? Media production? Reflection on practice?) 6. How do you intend (in general terms) to record, manage and analyze this data? What analytical models and theories will you draw on? 7. What will your timetable be month by month? Introduction: answers the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"so what? question, convince reader you need to do this Literature Review: Contextualises your research. Answers the question:  Where do I fit? Research questions determined. Methodology: Determines the nature of your study design and the  methods you will use. Include how you approach the subject, methods, why, ethics, how you analysed data. Results, discussion, analysis: combined or separate, can be guided by questions Conclusion: Draws everything together and answers your research  questions. Discusses limitation and future work. HORRORS ENDLESS CYCLE: AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE ENDURING APPEAL OF THE HORROR GENRE IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM. INTRODUCTION: The horror genre has deep roots in the classical studio era. Yet in important ways it also looks ahead to the post-classical period, a period of reduced levels of film production and correspondingly weakened genre identities. As a fantasy genre, horror departs in significant ways from the prevailing canons of representation in the classical Hollywood style, whether one takes that mode to be a form of realism or of melodrama. Horror has an identity as an unrespectable genre for an undiscriminating juvenile audience (or an audience that has its mind on other things), with strong roots in exploitation cinema, that has only fairly recently emerged as an attractive genre for large scale production at major studios. Finally, it has attracted significant critical attention in recent years, and in each case theories of postmodernism and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" which is not always the same thing à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" currents in postmodern theory have played an important part in reconceiving the genre for audiences and film-makers alike. This critical interest is, I argue, related to the relative weakness in both cases of traditional semantic/syntactic matrices of generic identity, leading to a protean aspect that is well suited to exploiting marketplace currents and trends. That horror takes its core generic material from the body, both engines of contemporary critical enquiry and popular cultural debate has confirmed its relevance. (Barry Langford, Film Genre: Hollywood and Beyond, 2005) Why choose to live in fear? Today we get up, go to work, come home, watch TV and go to sleep. To combat the monotony we chase the death rush by other means, as perilous as base or bungee jumping, or as sanitised as roller coasters and theme parks, while for most the simple thrills of the horror movie are more than enough to satisfy and provide a little taste of fear. Thats just one theory. Another is that we watch horror movies because they offer us a challenge à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" to look fear and death in the face and survive the ordeal. The ascendance and growing popularity of horror cinema since the new millennium is certainly a fascinating trend in contemporary society, and one which is long overdue an in-depth and objective analysis. Through researching the appeal of the horror genre I shall look into the social and political climate into which these movies fell over the last ten years, and discuss the merits of the movies themselves or, in some cases, lack of them. (Marshall in Carolyn, 2008). The horror film, throughout its shady, rebellious history has earned more money than respect. Though these days there are film festivals, websites, books, magazines, Masters theses, and even film distributors devoted entirely to the consumption of the dark side of entertainment, the mainstream media and self-appointed intelligentsia of pontificators cluck their tongues and blame the fall of society on these nasty little gutter-dwellers we call our own. In truth, the horror film may be the best mirror of the worlds zeitgeist we have, reflecting, rather than creating, the ills and crises of the planets collective psychology. Its been said before and it bears repeating that horror is to cinema what rock and roll is to music: rude, abrasive, pushy and anti-establishment. No wonder, then, that it is so embraced by the young. What better way to break away from parental chains than to blast distorted guitars on the stereo, and revel in disemboweled damsels in distress on the widescreen plasma? The young are immortal, right? And who can blame them for gathering tribally in front of the Cineplex screens to cheer on the latest adventures of the newest teen-gutting horror franchise star? They know its not real, that they are thumbing their noses at mortality. Yes, deep-seated fears are faced on the screen, from a safe distance, allowing the audience to safely play tag with what scares them. A good horror movie has all the elements of a good drama: creative storytelling: compelling characters placed in relatable plots, an artists point of view. But a really good horror movie, the best horror movie, can take you far beyond: it can take you to a place youve never been, a shadowy chamber of the mind outside of your worldly experience, with story twists and turns that will make you squirm until the lights come on and you emerge victoriously from your two hours in the dark. A great horror movie can be a revelatory experience. A great way to take societys pulse is through the arts and entertainment of the time. And the horror film makes a great thermometer. As I intend to examine in this study, a national or global health is particularly well represented by its fright films. At times of political upheaval, war, depression and recession, the horror cycle runs to a particular high. Adam Simons remarkable documentary, The American Nightmare, about the horror boom of the 1970s arising out of the international upheaval that surrounded the war in Vietnam. Is a terrific examination of how one relates to the other. But as we close in on the end of the new millenniums first decade, we find ourselves in another long-lasting terror boom in a post 9/11 world. Obviously, most of these films are not artistic reflections of social strife, or the primal screams of the mad artist who paints in blood. As they have, with everything else that makes money, the corporate kings have co-opted the popular cycle on their own terms. Where brilliant artists contribute excellent and exciting new ventures, the screens are also littered with the latest iterations of franchises nobody asks for, but are easy to market. In recent years, its been far easier for an industry that isnt interested in or has any understanding of the horror genre to take familiar titles, and remake and sequelise them until the law of diminishing returns proves itself, and they move on to the next title. There are great horror films being made today amidst the dross. But its not quality thats being discussed here, though it obviously plays a part. Its that there is a new and ravening audience for the spilling of blood. Again, theres nothing new about this: filmgoers filled the cinemas during the Depression to see the Frankenstein monster toss an innocent little girl into the pond, to see Count Dracula sup on the blood of lovely blondes; during World War II, Frankensteins monster met everyone from the Wolf Man to Abbott and Costello, and Universal cranked out one monster fest after another, while a quiet, well-real producer named Val Lewton churned out intelligent, atmospheric shockers for RKO; in the 1950s, when the Cold War and Air Raid duck-and-cover drills were the order of the day, nuclear tests gave birth to the giant ants of Them, the humungous grasshoppers of The Beginning of the End, and the radioactivity-breathing Japanese dragon beast of Godzilla; the early sixties turned i nternal, with human monsters like Norman Bates infesting our souls and killing on behalf of the sexual battle within the newly blossoming psychological terror train; the Vietnamese apocalypses were brutal, fed as they were by nightly news imagery of burning bodies and human torture, in a toe-in-the-water test of loosening censorship that led to a free-for-all; the eighties were all about cheap: no stars, gore effects and creative kills being the entire raison dÃÆ' ªtre for a horror films existence; the complacent, Wall Street frivolous 1990s were mostly in a horror lull, but ended with a bang of excellence with films like Stir of Echoes, The Sixth Sense and The Blair Witch Project. In the new millennium, a new generation of filmmakers is finding its voice, raised on ubiquitous film courses in high school and beyond, computers that provide in-home editing and sound mixing, mobile, high definition cameras that lead everyone to believe they can be the next John Carpenter. But it is ingenuity that best raises the profile among hordes of wannabes, as well as a point of view. The world, under the shroud of George W Bush, Tony Blair and their brethren, is dangerous, complicated and nervous. And the boom of horrific storytelling, even when controlled by the mass-media collective out to squeeze every last buck out of it, will reflect a world on edge in its unforgiving mirrorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ at least until the next cycle. (Garris in Carolyn, 2008) In the first section, Configuring the Monster, I will explore the key themes of the genre; the main issues and the debates raised, and engage with approaches and theories that have been applied to horror texts. This theoretical background will be presented via the modernist context within which early horror texts evolved. This brief description of the generic development of the horror film will thus provide a review of its fundamental preoccupations, especially through a discussion of a variety of psychoanalytic and gendered readings. This first part also includes a case study that reviews indicative patterns of readings of horror texts across different age groups that are interesting in terms of the progression of spectator involvement with horror film. In the second section, Consensus and Constraint 1919-1960, and the final section, Chaos and Collapse 1960-2000, I will further address the chronological evolution of the horror film, looking upon particular historical periods. This analysis will consider the role of both traditional myth and gothic literature in early cinematic representations of horror. Post-war developments are then viewed in terms of the revisiting of these generic formulae. The more contemporary transgression of boundaries of permissible gore and pathological states are then considered through a discussion of the work of postmodern auteurs reworking the genres field of operation and its consistent cycling. Inevitably in a work of this length, many complex arguments will be rendered briefly and simplistically, and many important observations reduced to description and generalistion. This is not a disclaimer; rather it is an encouragement for other researchers to pursue further lines of enquiry and to address the genre anew from a personal, informed perspective. (Wells, 2000)

Writing Academic Research Papers

Writing Academic Research PapersWriting academic research papers can be a very rewarding experience. It allows you to share with others your passion for knowledge and for the facts that you find in your research.There are many benefits to writing academic research papers. Most people do not realize that when they are finished they may find they have come up with something of value. Although you may not have paid attention to all the things you wrote on that paper, you should do it anyway.The most important thing you can do is to get started right away. If you wait to get ideas into your head before you begin writing then you may not be able to write a very good paper. You must be aware of the questions you have and what you want to accomplish. If you don't write about what you think about then it will not be interesting. Find out what others think and try to get their perspective.When you begin to write your personal statement and your body of work, you will want to make sure you mak e each paragraph a solid one page write up. Having just one paragraph may seem like a drawback, but if you use this method then it will make writing easier. You may not think that this is necessary but it does make writing easier for everyone involved. If you only have a small amount of space to work with then it will be harder to follow up on each paragraph and add details.Make sure you include all the necessary information on each paragraph. One of the best ways to do this is to ask someone else to read the paragraph for you. If you have a friend or family member who is familiar with your academic work, they will be more likely to add that information if they see it.You will need to learn the rules when writing academic research papers. Forexample, you may need to leave gaps between paragraphs. You can do this by adding a paragraph break. It is important to write each paragraph in a coherent manner. You will be better able to express your ideas and thoughts if you can make sense o f the information you are writing about.There are also some points to remember when writing academic research papers. You may find yourself using terms that are specific to your field. It is very helpful to be able to use the proper terminology that is used by other people in your field. This will help you make it easier to write your paper.You will find that writing academic research papers will help you gain valuable skills and knowledge. These skills and knowledge will give you a chance to share with others the things that you have learned. If you are a teacher and are looking for the next new skill that can be learned, then you may want to look into this profession.

Selecting Narrative Samples College Essay Topics

<h1>Selecting Narrative Samples College Essay Topics</h1><p>Selecting account tests school paper themes is really not excessively hard. It ought to be genuinely simple to do. This is on the grounds that there are such huge numbers of themes to browse. In the event that you glance around, you will discover numerous subjects of interest.</p><p></p><p>These sorts of articles can fluctuate contingent upon what you are attempting to get across in your school exposition points. You need to ensure that your school composing tests school article themes are intriguing and that they cause you to feel the adoration. Your understudies will be experiencing this sort of article, in this manner you need to ensure that you use the points and interface them to yourself.</p><p></p><p>Most composing assets will assist you with ensuring that you utilize your subjects well. They will even give you tips on the most proficient method to make those points that will be convincing. You would prefer not to simply stay with themes that you find in the understudy handbook. Your understudies will have an alternate learning style than certain understudies so you have to ensure that you talk about subjects that you realize they would discover interesting.</p><p></p><p>That is the reason it is critical to ensure that you discover great themes that you can use for your school composing tests. In the event that you are searching for individual expositions, you might need to take a gander at stories that have just been composed or a few sonnets that have just been composed. You can likewise look online for unique pieces. There are numerous assets available.</p><p></p><p>Think about the individuals who read these pieces. On the off chance that you consider the things that have gone on in their lives, you will find that you can make a story dependent on what they have just experienced. They will in all likelihood value the way that you have set aside the effort to do this since it is one way that you are giving them something in return.</p><p></p><p>Ifyou find that you can't locate a decent point for your school composing tests, at that point attempt to consider what you need your understudies to consider. For instance, you may need them to consider an entry level position. This will permit you to make the kind of points that they will associate with.</p><p></p><p>Remember that these are simply rules that will assist you with making your school composing tests. In the event that you go over the edge with the point or words, you will have a troublesome time with this exposition. Go with the topic and you will have the option to compose like a pro.</p>

Research Paper Topics For Neuroscience And Cognitive Science

<h1>Research Paper Topics For Neuroscience And Cognitive Science</h1><p>Neuroscience and intellectual science are two of the most well known brain science learns at Harvard. There are a wide range of neuroscience and subjective neuroscience explore paper themes accessible. Some include the investigation of how mind and conduct forms change with age, while others require finding out about how the sensory system impacts social conduct. Whatever the theme might be, it will be captivating to find out about the examination on various cerebrum locales that are identified with various pieces of subjective science and different sorts of psychology.</p><p></p><p>One of the additionally intriguing kinds of mind investigate paper points at Harvard is the investigation of how our faculties work. The tactile framework in the cerebrum is unpredictable to such an extent that its functions are hard to comprehend with current speculations in subjective scienc e. This sort of research can give understudies a progressively complete comprehension of how the mind functions and how it coordinates nature. Understudies will likewise find out about different things that occur in the cerebrum, for example, why there are contrasts among individuals and how these distinctions identify with their characters. There are numerous inquiries that should be replied so as to increase a superior comprehension of how we see the world around us.</p><p></p><p>Another kind of research that has a ton of allure to brain science majors at Harvard is the investigation of how our feelings influence our manners of thinking and character. This is a region that is continually being taken a shot at by clinicians and neuroscience specialists. There are a wide range of ways that neuroscience can influence the investigation of personality.</p><p></p><p>With propels in innovation, researchers have had the option to concentrate how various parts of mind movement impact the manner in which we think. Understudies who are keen on this sort of brain science can discover many fascinating examination papers identified with mind imaging. An understudy could find out about how unique mind synthetic concoctions can cause changes in intellectual working and how they can be measured.</p><p></p><p>Of course, the investigation of perception is the establishment of all subjective brain science. It incorporates everything from perceiving appearances and names to playing an instrument. This exploration is something other than knowing where your brain starts and closures. An individual has to know how the brain functions so as to prevail in life.</p><p></p><p>The investigation of character is significant in intellectual brain research. It can influence scholarly execution, vocation decisions, connections, and even how individuals consider themselves. Understudies will discov er a great deal of chances to find out about this in different distinctive research papers. They will find that these things sway how an individual follows up on a day by day basis.</p><p></p><p>There are an assortment of decisions for examine papers that include the investigation of the various kinds of character that influence psychological brain research. For instance, some examination takes a gander at the connection among character and knowledge. Different investigations take a gander at the effect of certain kinds of character on creativity.</p><p></p><p>The zones that neuroscience look into paper points spread are exceptionally immense. Numerous understudies appreciate the assortment that is introduced to them, which settles on it an energizing decision for a subject. It is an incredible method to improve the abilities expected to prevail in any zone of psychology.</p>

What Psychology Research Paper Topics College Students Is - and What it Is Not

<h1> What Psychology Research Paper Topics College Students Is - and What it Is Not</h1> <h2> Details of Psychology Research Paper Topics College Students</h2> <p>you must glance all around the globe wide web and your library to find dependable wellsprings of motivation and reality checked models you may remember for the paper. The data in books composed by various people will contrast. You should peruse a mess when doing research for your scholastic article, and it will take a ton of time and vitality. On the off chance that that is the situation, somebody might be keen on getting a paper that will be then used as a manual for delivering their own thing. </p> <h2>Choosing Good Psychology Research Paper Topics College Students </h2> <p>Even the absolute best author on earth can't create an excellent scholarly paper the night prior to it's expected. Explore how people get arithmetic and the manner in which the outstanding maths vir tuoso mind works. Distinguishing a theme for your examination can be hard, yet there are numerous incredible methods to consider fascinating thoughts. Clearly, you have to go past the domain of hypothesis and endeavor to give genuine world, solid models. </p> <h2> Psychology Research Paper Topics College Students - Is it a Scam? </h2> <p>You should arrange explore paper on brain research in the event that you wish to locate an excellent outcome inside the second you will require. You can focus on the impacts of the following themes on the nature and improvement of a little youngster, grown-up or older. Different occasions, as in an unusual brain research instructional class, may ask that you form your paper on a specific subject like a mental issue. Postdoctoral preparing and talented accreditation alternatives in scientific brain science bolster the development of a calling that is interestingly able to manage emotional wellness issues in a wide cluster of l egitimate settings. </p> <p>Proceed to the library and use online sources to realize all the more with respect to the inquiry you have pose. Choosing what things to expound on is among the most fundamental strides of the methodology. Continue perusing to gain proficiency with various points that it is conceivable to consider. Hence, you should be cautious by not picking any subject that has been examined too often previously. </p> <p>Psychology is such a wide subject, so you might want to find a theme that grants you to sufficiently cover the subject without turning out to be overpowered with data. Talking about general brain science, you can choose this issue from the whole course. To pick a theme from general brain science, you ought to choose any subject you need and afterward start narrowing it down. Creating a point in brain science isn't straightforward, especially with regards to expounding on youngsters. </p> <p>So you must be worried about your Online Psychology Assignment Writing. Getting brain science papers subjects, it's imperative to focus on some general thought and restricted it down. The quest for an awesome theme for your brain research article can be very disappointing should you not comprehend where to start. </p> <h2>Things You Won't Like About Psychology Research Paper Topics College Students and Things You Will </h2> <p>Annually, therapists distribute a stunning amount of researchit's difficult to understand everything. The heft of the brain research sub-fields are fairly wide, making examining on it incredibly tricky. Before starting, become familiar with the best approach to play out a brain science experiment.</p> <p>Other people take reasoning courses since it's required as an individual from the educational program. During the underlying two many years of school, the staff is presumably going to dole out general points for look into instead of specific themes. Ordinarily, understudies think that its dubious to pick the appropriate subject for their exploration. As a result the understudies would have more freedom to pick a sub-point. </p> <h2> Most Noticeable Psychology Research Paper Topics College Students</h2> <p>The questions which were charged by virtue of the investigation of data about the point will permit you to frame a premise of your theory. When drawing your speculation, it should be founded generally on what you think about the subject. You can find out about the subject or find various types of finding the writing which will assist you with realizing all the more in regards to this issue you need to draw theory from. Choosing a captivating subject makes it conceivable to produce theory before the investigation. </p> <h2> The Key to Successful Psychology Research Paper Topics College Students</h2> <p>Another thing that somebody should consider is the inspector's directions. Much like any exploration paper article, the most basic thing is to develop your point and paper with the powerful proof. Not that it's required for a school paper, yet in the event that you might want to forestall written falsification charges, you should focus on something uncommon. Regardless, you'll likely need to complete an exploration paper during the program, and it's basic to choose a theme that intrigues you. </p> <h2> Psychology Research Paper Topics College Students - Is it a Scam? </h2> <p>When you manage us, you pick the best experts in the order of custom composition and secure the best conceivable result. At whatever point your task is a writing audit, you're generally shown with the greatest i nvestigations you'll have the option to place in your work. The understudies are sans altogether to choose for any 1 point that coordinates with your enthusiasm. Peruse the data which you have gathered from all the materials and ensure they're exhaustive. </p> <p>The irregular issue can comprise of things like fear of stature, fear of water, dietary issues and various characters to make reference to only a couple. There are numerous mental marvels which weren't concentrated at this point, in this manner you're thoroughly allowed to choose. Intellectual brain science handles the different mental procedures occurring in a person's psyche. In spite of the fact that it is incredibly difficult to find out the particular wellspring of discouragement in someone, we can endeavor to know the components or reasons conceivably causing the downturn and further assistance the individual to conquer the downturn. </p> <p>Most graduate schools need an individual proclamation . In certain examples, understudies just devise the examination and envision the practical outcomes which may happen. The individual proclamation is habitually the segment of the graduate school application that understudies. It is one of the most significant pieces of a graduate school application. </p> <p>By characterizing the explanation that you wish to work out, you will be in a superior spot to pick the kind of exercises that will be best for your general objective. Aspiring people some of the time can't hold up under disappointment and much of the time get discouraged should they fizzle or sense any disappointment as to accomplishing their targets. You will gain proficiency with an important exercise of time the executives that will be exceptionally useful for your scholastic future. Before focusing on your objective, do a little research and verify that it is achievable. </p>

Essay Topics - Creating Memorable Essays

<h1>Essay Topics - Creating Memorable Essays</h1><p>The reason for exposition themes is to thought of thoughts that you have had in your psyche however never shared. By talking a novel or story to the peruser, you can assist them with seeing the distinction between what they think they know and what is valid. The most ideal approach to make paper subjects for this reason for existing is to utilize the intensity of analogy.</p><p></p><p>One approach to move toward the procedure is to initially make sense of what the significance is behind the similitude. For instance, on the off chance that you are having a discussion with a companion, make sense of what the significance is of the word they use. From that point, utilize that word comparable to your theme. For this situation, you would utilize the illustration of a discussion to discuss how two individuals see each other.</p><p></p><p>Another approach to move toward this is to make sense of an alternate subject. Consider discussing an organization versus its item or administration. From that point, utilize the guide to show the association between the two. This is a simpler method to move toward paper points since you are not restricting yourself to a certain topic.</p><p></p><p>The advantage of utilizing allegory in article themes is that it enables you to clarify in a manner that is straightforward. It is a single direction road in a novel. For instance, the object of the book is to discover what the primary character's fixation is without demonstrating them such that causes them to appear to be a jerk.</p><p></p><p>Your peruser will consistently need somewhat more from you than simply your general thought. You can't continue disclosing to them that their life is a story. You have to get into the bare essential of their life and cause them to feel like you are their companion and not an abnormal or irritating observer.</p><p></p><p>You additionally need to make an account. You need to give them that you care about their life and need to show that they are critical to you. You do this by demonstrating your own life and that of others in a manner that can be effectively understood.</p><p></p><p>As long as you set aside the effort to sort out your exposition points and the manner in which you clarify the subjects, you will be well en route to making a fruitful paper. You ought to consistently begin with a thought that you need to clarify. Start with a subject that is sufficiently basic to clarify and grow it as you go.</p><p></p><p>Lastly, it is vital that you generally ask yourself how the points identify with the fundamental subject of the paper. For instance, on the off chance that you need to compose an exposition on a point about how to converse with an individual before a group, ensure you talk about ho w you can converse with a similar individual before a group. Continuously remain mindful of the associations between points with the goal that you can interface the subject of one article to the principle subject of another. At the point when you can do this, you are better ready to clarify the various types of representations that you will use.</p>

Writing Essays That Are Going Against the Grain

<h1>Writing Essays That Are Going Against the Grain</h1><p>An article subject that are running contrary to the natural order of things, the powers of customary way of thinking, and has no association with the theme in the point heading is a paper case of good composition. Relatively few understudies know about such models. They frequently observe conventional points, for example, home, work, or different interests as standard paper subjects.</p><p></p><p>The theme and thought of this subject is certainly not a general thought that can be applied to different circumstances. The thought ought to identify with the individual. It ought to have importance to the individual's life and is frequently utilized for instance of good writing.</p><p></p><p>As you look for a decent subject for your exposition, be certain that you discover one that has specific pertinence to the peruser. You need to concentrate on their life and asse mble a contention around this point. This will build up a solid topic and fabricate your point around this topic. A decent topic will enable your peruser to relate your paper to what they definitely know.</p><p></p><p>Take a gander at the different subjects you have concentrated all through your school profession and use them as instances of a decent point to use for your exposition. Discover what you like about each subject. Consider how you would think in the event that you were in that situation.</p><p></p><p>You can likewise utilize an individual account to add detail to your point. Consider when you ended up in a comparative circumstance. This will likewise assist you with connecting the peruser to your essay.</p><p></p><p>You should utilize general thoughts that identify with the person that you are composing for. Concentrate on the point that you are attempting to make in your exposition. Recollect that y our paper should be predictable with the general topic you are setting.</p><p></p><p>Although it is a smart thought to construct your exposition theme around something that you are energetic about, you ought to maintain a strategic distance from it being excessively self-evident. You need to leave some squirm space for translation. Your decision of subject will decide this interpretation.</p><p></p><p>You should inquire about various sorts of points to discover which themes are contradicting some common norms and which ones can assist you with composing a compelling exposition. Research is important to compose a decent paper. You should be set up before you compose a paper in light of the fact that there are numerous styles to pick from.</p>